The 'tonic' syllable is the syllable that receives the stress or accent; the 'pretonic' syllable is the syllable before the tonic syllable, and the 'propretonic' syllable is the syllable before the pretonic. Don't let this nomenclature intimidate you: in the Scriptures, accented syllables are usually identified with one or more accent marks (see below).
The Masoretes and the Masoretic Text
Between the 7th and 9th centuries A.D, a group of Jewish scribes called the Masoretes added vowel signs (nikkudot), cantillation symbols and accent marks (ta'amim) to the text. This process came to be known as the Masorah (tradition). The marked text was called the Masoretic Text and became the standard text for the Jews around the world.
Accents of the Masoretic Text
Every word in the Tanakh (except those joined by a hyphen or maqqef) carries an accent mark on its 'tonic' syllable (i.e., the syllable that receives the stress). In the Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia there are 27 prose and 21 poetic accent marks used in the text. These marks (like the vowel marks) may appear above or below the word.
Three Main Accent Marks
Most accent marks can be classified according to whether they are disjunctive (pausal) or conjunctive (connecting).

1. English Words With Diacritical Marks
2. List Of Diacritical Marks

Fundamental » All languages » English » All topics » Communication » Language » Writing » Orthography » Letters, symbols, and punctuation » Diacritical marks. English names of diacritical marks. The diacritic's name is a 19th-century borrowing from a Spanish word that traces back to Medieval Latin titulus, meaning 'tittle.' In English, tittle can refer to any point or small sign that is used as a diacritical mark. It has been applied to the dot over the letters 'i' and 'j,' and in the past, to the cedilla; it is also used in languages. Notes: If you're working on a laptop without a separate numeric keyboard, you can add most accented characters using the Insert Symbol More Symbols command in Word. For more info, see Insert a symbol in Word. If you plan to type in other languages often you should consider switching your keyboard layout to that language.

Disjunctive Accents
Disjunctive accents mark a pause or break in the reading of the text, and function something like commas, semicolons, and colons in English. There are 18 disjunctive accent marks you might see in the Masoretic text, but the two most important are:

• Atnach - Placed under the last word of the first half of a verse.
  
• Silluq - Placed under the last word of the second half of a verse.

Conjunctive Accents
Conjunctive accents connect two words in the text. There are 9 conjunctive accent marks you might see in the Masoretic text, but the most important is:

• Munach - Placed under a word that is connected with a following word.

The following shows Genesis 1:1 as you might see it in a typical Masoretic text:

English Words With Diacritical Marks

List Of Diacritical Marks

Char	Dec	Hex	Entity	Name
ò	768	0300	GRAVE ACCENT
ó	769	0301	ACUTE ACCENT
ô	770	0302	CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT
õ	771	0303	TILDE
ō	772	0304	MACRON
o̅	773	0305	OVERLINE
ŏ	774	0306	BREVE
ȯ	775	0307	DOT ABOVE
ö	776	0308	DIAERESIS
ỏ	777	0309	HOOK ABOVE
o̊	778	030A	RING ABOVE
ő	779	030B	DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT
ǒ	780	030C	CARON
o̍	781	030D	VERTICAL LINE ABOVE
o̎	782	030E	DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE ABOVE
ȍ	783	030F	DOUBLE GRAVE ACCENT
o̐	784	0310	CANDRABINDU
ȏ	785	0311	INVERTED BREVE
o̒	786	0312	TURNED COMMA ABOVE
o̓	787	0313	COMMA ABOVE
o̔	788	0314	REVERSED COMMA ABOVE
o̕	789	0315	COMMA ABOVE RIGHT
o̖	790	0316	GRAVE ACCENT BELOW
o̗	791	0317	ACUTE ACCENT BELOW
o̘	792	0318	LEFT TACK BELOW
o̙	793	0319	RIGHT TACK BELOW
o̚	794	031A	LEFT ANGLE ABOVE
ơ	795	031B	HORN
o̜	796	031C	LEFT HALF RING BELOW
o̝	797	031D	UP TACK BELOW
o̞	798	031E	DOWN TACK BELOW
o̟	799	031F	PLUS SIGN BELOW
o̠	800	0320	MINUS SIGN BELOW
o̡	801	0321	PALATALIZED HOOK BELOW
o̢	802	0322	RETROFLEX HOOK BELOW
ọ	803	0323	DOT BELOW
o̤	804	0324	DIAERESIS BELOW
o̥	805	0325	RING BELOW
o̦	806	0326	COMMA BELOW
o̧	807	0327	CEDILLA
ǫ	808	0328	OGONEK
o̩	809	0329	VERTICAL LINE BELOW
o̪	810	032A	BRIDGE BELOW
o̫	811	032B	INVERTED DOUBLE ARCH BELOW
o̬	812	032C	CARON BELOW
o̭	813	032D	CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT BELOW
o̮	814	032E	BREVE BELOW
o̯	815	032F	INVERTED BREVE BELOW
o̰	816	0330	TILDE BELOW
o̱	817	0331	MACRON BELOW
o̲	818	0332	LOW LINE
o̳	819	0333	DOUBLE LOW LINE
o̴	820	0334	TILDE OVERLAY
o̵	821	0335	SHORT STROKE OVERLAY
o̶	822	0336	LONG STROKE OVERLAY
o̷	823	0337	SHORT SOLIDUS OVERLAY
o̸	824	0338	LONG SOLIDUS OVERLAY
o̹	825	0339	RIGHT HALF RING BELOW
o̺	826	033A	INVERTED BRIDGE BELOW
o̻	827	033B	SQUARE BELOW
o̼	828	033C	SEAGULL BELOW
o̽	829	033D	X ABOVE
o̾	830	033E	VERTICAL TILDE
o̿	831	033F	DOUBLE OVERLINE
ò	832	0340	GRAVE TONE MARK
ó	833	0341	ACUTE TONE MARK
o͂	834	0342	GREEK PERISPOMENI (combined with theta)
o̓	835	0343	GREEK KORONIS (combined with theta)
ö́	836	0344	GREEK DIALYTIKA TONOS (combined with theta)
oͅ	837	0345	GREEK YPOGEGRAMMENI (combined with theta)
o͆	838	0346	BRIDGE ABOVE
o͇	839	0347	EQUALS SIGN BELOW
o͈	840	0348	DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE BELOW
o͉	841	0349	LEFT ANGLE BELOW
o͊	842	034A	NOT TILDE ABOVE
o͋	843	034B	HOMOTHETIC ABOVE
o͌	844	034C	ALMOST EQUAL TO ABOVE
o͍	845	034D	LEFT RIGHT ARROW BELOW
o͎	846	034E	UPWARDS ARROW BELOW
o͏	847	034F	GRAPHEME JOINER
o͐	848	0350	RIGHT ARROWHEAD ABOVE
o͑	849	0351	LEFT HALF RING ABOVE
o͒	850	0352	FERMATA
o͓	851	0353	X BELOW
o͔	852	0354	LEFT ARROWHEAD BELOW
o͕	853	0355	RIGHT ARROWHEAD BELOW
o͖	854	0356	RIGHT ARROWHEAD AND UP ARROWHEAD BELOW
o͗	855	0357	RIGHT HALF RING ABOVE
o͘	856	0358	DOT ABOVE RIGHT
o͙	857	0359	ASTERISK BELOW
o͚	858	035A	DOUBLE RING BELOW
o͛	859	035B	ZIGZAG ABOVE
͜o	860	035C	DOUBLE BREVE BELOW
͝o	861	035D	DOUBLE BREVE
͞o	862	035E	DOUBLE MACRON
͟o	863	035F	DOUBLE MACRON BELOW
͠o	864	0360	DOUBLE TILDE
͡o	865	0361	DOUBLE INVERTED BREVE
͢o	866	0362	DOUBLE RIGHTWARDS ARROW BELOW
oͣ	867	0363	LATIN SMALL LETTER A
oͤ	868	0364	LATIN SMALL LETTER E
oͥ	869	0365	LATIN SMALL LETTER I
oͦ	870	0366	LATIN SMALL LETTER O
oͧ	871	0367	LATIN SMALL LETTER U
oͨ	872	0368	LATIN SMALL LETTER C
oͩ	873	0369	LATIN SMALL LETTER D
oͪ	874	036A	LATIN SMALL LETTER H
oͫ	875	036B	LATIN SMALL LETTER M
oͬ	876	036C	LATIN SMALL LETTER R
oͭ	877	036D	LATIN SMALL LETTER T
oͮ	878	036E	LATIN SMALL LETTER V
oͯ	879	036F	LATIN SMALL LETTER X